Well I've gotten some feedback about my two posts on incest and polygamy. Justin Katz has a lengthy and thoughtful response, and introducing Katz's response Eve Tushnet writes:
I agree with all of the arguments Rosenberg musters against incestuous and polygamous marriage. I'm especially sympathetic to claims about "role conflict." But I agree with Katz that these claims may well not be strong enough to resist the tide of an understanding of marriage based solely on mutual affection and care--I mean, c'mon, does anything sound more abstract than "role conflict"? Rosenberg is still assuming that cultural "prejudices" will remain on his side even when confronted with photographs of happy "poly families" and appealing claims about rights and love and Whose Business Is It Anyway? In other words, Rosenberg is right about everything except the potential for a slippery slope--the crux of the contemporary argument.
Katz had similar thoughts:
...When it comes right down to it, while he has made some reasonable arguments — ones to which I may very well refer if things devolve so dramatically in the future — and considered various angles, the whole endeavor strikes me as beside the point. The reason I say that is the tenuousness of the distinction between abstract contemplation and practical, political considerations...
...Moreover, the arguments put forward for same sex marriage — issues of privacy, consensuality, discrimination, civil rights, personal love and humanity, practical necessity for mutual care — easily overcome the vague principles suggested as barriers to such things as incest and polygamy. This is true for the simple reason that almost none of the barriers — with the exception of parent/child incest — has self-evidently, or even arguably (in some cases), better foundation than maintaining the link between marriage, procreation, and child rearing...
I attempted address some of Mr. Katz's more specific concerns in a comment to his post. For this post, let me just note that the major concern of both Katz and Tushnet is that my arguments are too abstract for the courts. [or for the public?] My major reason for writing those posts was to respond to attacks--not coming from Katz or Tushnet--that claimed there was no principled reason to support a right to SSM but not a right to incestuous or polygamous marriage. I was not predicting what courts would do.
If I had to predict, though, I would say that courts would reject arguments for incestuous or polygamous marriage. Polygamy actually has the weakest case of them all. There is no equal protection concern. Nobody can marry a second person without the first marriage ending. Some opponents of SSM claim that similarly nobody can marry a person of the same sex. Such a statement, though, inherently makes reference to one's sex. If that were enough to get around any equal protection analysis we could have separate employment opportunities for men and women. Nobody could apply for a position designated for the other sex. Perhaps a court might say that concerns of autonomy should require that three or more people may cohabit, but I doubt they would object to a marriage regulation that only makes reference to one's marital status. Courts are used to thinking of things in gender-neutral terms, considering the individual and not the sex. Polygamy requires considering two (or more people) the same way you would consider one person.
Incestuous marriage actually has a stonger case, in my mind. In the polygamy case, a person seeking to marry another was allowed to do so provided he obtained a divorce from his first marriage. In the incestuous case, as in the same-sex case, a couple is not allowed to marry no matter what they do. And, as Katz points out, the existing familial relationship between the potential couple is not close to the status of the marital relationship in the law. Still if one accepts that the state may prohibit marriage based on certain kinship relations, then the question becomes where to draw the line. Despite what some critics have said about "activist" judges, I think the courts do leave such line drawing to the legislatures. They only have objections when those lines are drawn basd on sex, race, religion, or a few other factors.
This is not to say that there aren't good policy arguments for trying to help two relatives struggling to raise a child of one of them, or two widowed sisters relying on each other for mutual support in their old age. When Vermont established civil unions, they also established a reciprocal beneficiary relationship for individuals too closely related to enter into a civil union or a marriage. I think this was a good idea, but do not think such a relationship would suffice for same-sex couples. I will examine this RP relationship in more detail and try to explain my views on this subject in a subsequent post. I believe the plaintiffs in Goodridge had a strong legal claim and were right to present that claim to a court. I fully support the rights of others who object to other marriage prohibitions to present their claims to a court as well. I simply don't think their claims are nearly as strong.
You state "There is no equal protection concern." However, a bi-sexual person could easily claim discrimination (another slip in the slope).
Posted by: h.w. | March 16, 2005 at 10:56 PM
No. The law makes no reference to bisexuals.
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